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川普再提「必須擁有格林蘭」:一場牽動北極戰略、主權與盟友信任的風暴


川普再提「必須擁有格林蘭」:一場牽動北極戰略、主權與盟友信任的風暴

2026年1月9日,美國總統川普在白宮公開表示,美國「必須」取得格林蘭島,並以嚇阻俄羅斯與中國在北極的戰略擴張作為核心理由;相關說法也再度把「買下格林蘭」的舊議題推回國際舞台中央。 

一、為何格林蘭突然成為「必爭之地」?

格林蘭的關鍵不是人口或市場,而是地理。它位於北美與歐洲之間的北大西洋與北極門戶,對飛彈預警、太空監測與北約北翼防務具有長期戰略意義。美國在格林蘭早已有軍事存在,依據的是1951年美國與丹麥簽署、關於格林蘭防務的協定架構(其後亦有補充與修訂)。 

川普此次措辭更強硬之處,在於他不只談「合作」,而是把「擁有」描述成長期安全的必要條件,並暗示更具壓迫性的選項也在評估之中

二、格林蘭「屬於誰」:不是一句話能改變的主權現實

格林蘭是「丹麥王國」的一部分,但它同時是高度自治的政治體。丹麥政府官方對外說明指出,2009年《格林蘭自治法》的序言承認格林蘭人民在國際法下擁有自決權,並強調該法建立在格林蘭政府與丹麥政府「平等夥伴」的協議基礎上。 

這意味著:格林蘭的未來走向,並非外部強權用「買賣」二字即可定奪,而必須面對丹麥憲政安排、格林蘭自治制度與「人民意志」三重門檻。

三、從「買島」到「付錢說服」:引爆歐洲盟友警戒

爭議之所以升溫,還在於外媒披露白宮內部曾討論以「支付款項」等方式,試圖影響格林蘭民意與政治走向,甚至被視為推動其脫離丹麥、再與美方更緊密結合的工具。 

同時,路透也指出丹麥方面再度重申「格林蘭不出售」,而美方高層(報導提及國務卿)亦將與丹麥領袖會面,使得此議題不再只是口水戰,而是進入更敏感的外交互動。 

對歐洲而言,問題不只在格林蘭,而在北約信任:若以威脅或單邊壓力處理盟友領土與自治體的前途,將直接衝擊戰後秩序與集體防衛的政治基礎。

四、格林蘭的聲音:不願被「代言」

在各方拉扯之際,格林蘭自身也釋放訊號。半島電視台報導引述格林蘭外交事務負責人表示,格林蘭應在與美方的對話中「扮演主導角色」,並對與美方官員的會談抱持期待。 

這句話的弦外之音很清楚:格林蘭不願只在丹麥與美國之間被動成為籌碼,而要把「誰來談、談什麼、談到哪裡」拉回到自己手上。

五、最可能的結局:不是「併吞」,而是「更深合作」與「更長博弈

從制度與國際法理看,格林蘭被「直接買走」幾乎不具可行性;但在現實政治上,美國加強在格林蘭的部署與合作、丹麥與北約提升北極防務整合、以及格林蘭在自治與對外協議上的擴權討論,反而更可能成為接下來的主軸。1951年防務協定的存在,早已提供「合作型安全」的法律路徑;真正的爭議,在於川普把路徑推向「所有權式安全」,從而把盟友、主權與自決問題一次點燃。

Trump Renews Push for Greenland, Rekindling a High-Stakes Arctic Dispute

On January 9, 2026, President Donald Trump reignited controversy by arguing the United States “needs to own” Greenland, framing the issue as a national-security imperative tied to deterring Russia and China in the Arctic. In remarks at the White House, he suggested Washington should focus on defending “ownership” rather than “leases,” despite the long-standing U.S. military presence already on the island. 


The problem is that Greenland is not a piece of real estate waiting for a buyer. It is a self-governing territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, and Denmark’s own official description of Greenland’s status notes that the preamble to the 2009 Self-Government Act recognizes Greenlanders as a people with a right to self-determination under international law. In other words, the island’s future is inseparable from Greenland’s own political will and constitutional arrangements with Denmark. 


Strategically, the Arctic logic is real—but it cuts against the need for annexation. The United States already operates under a Cold War-era framework: the 1951 U.S.–Denmark agreement on the defense of Greenland provides the legal basis for American defense cooperation and military activities there. That existing pathway makes it possible to expand security cooperation without rewriting borders—precisely why Trump’s language about “taking” Greenland alarms European capitals. 


Allies moved quickly to tamp down the rhetoric. Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni publicly dismissed the prospect of any U.S. military move on Greenland and urged strengthening NATO’s Arctic posture instead—signaling that even friendly governments view coercive talk as dangerous for alliance unity. 


Ultimately, the Greenland dispute is less about whether the Arctic matters (it does) and more about how the West manages it: through strengthened NATO coordination and negotiated cooperation, or through unilateral claims that risk turning a strategic challenge into an alliance crisis