2025 年終中外大事記

2025 年走到年終，國際局勢的主旋律仍是「不確定」：戰火延宕、貿易摩擦升溫、AI 競逐加速、極端氣候更頻繁地闖入日常。世界並未回到舊秩序，而是在多重壓力下進入一種更碎片化的運行方式。 

在地緣政治與安全上，俄烏戰爭持續牽動歐洲安全與軍援結構；中東衝突仍反覆出現停火與再度升級的循環；多個區域熱點也顯示「局部衝突易升高」的風險。這些事件共同拉高了能源、航運與全球供應鏈的不穩定性。 

在經濟與貿易上，關稅與產業政策回歸成為大國競爭工具。金融時報的年終回顧形容，美國在 2025 年以更激進的關稅手段重塑貿易格局，市場曾出現劇烈波動，並引發對通膨與成本轉嫁的討論。 

同時，IMF 的《世界經濟展望》（2025 年 10 月）指出全球成長預期放緩：2024 年約 3.3%，2025 年約 3.2%，2026 年約 3.1%，反映全球經濟在高摩擦環境中呈現「低速但勉強韌性」。 

在科技方面，生成式 AI 繼續「從工具變成國力敘事」：算力、晶片、資料、監管與安全，逐步成為各國政策與企業投資的核心議題，既帶來生產力想像，也引發就業、能耗與治理風險的辯論。 

在氣候與災害方面，極端高溫、風暴、洪水與野火造成更高的經濟損失。救災與人道體系也在年終報告中提醒：2025 年多起重大氣候災害合計損失金額龐大，凸顯「減碳」之外，「調適」與防災投資已成為各國不得不做的功課。

2025 Year-End Review: Major Events at Home and Abroad 

As 2025 closed, the world did not return to a calmer “post-crisis” rhythm. Instead, it moved into a more fragmented and risk-heavy phase—marked by prolonged conflict, renewed trade frictions, accelerating AI competition, and more frequent climate extremes. The defining feature of the year was uncertainty: governments, markets, and societies repeatedly adjusted to shocks that arrived from multiple directions.

On the geopolitical and security front, the war in Ukraine continued to shape Europe’s security posture and defense spending, while the Middle East remained trapped in cycles of escalation, temporary pauses, and renewed tension. Beyond the headline conflicts, several regional flashpoints also reminded the world how quickly localized disputes can intensify—raising risks for energy supply, shipping routes, and global supply chains.

In trade and the global economy, tariffs and industrial policy became more central tools of great-power competition. As countries prioritized strategic industries and “economic security,” global trade felt less rule-based and more bloc-driven. Major institutions warned that global growth was likely to cool slightly compared with the previous year, reflecting higher friction costs, persistent inflation concerns in some regions, and uneven recovery across economies.

In technology, generative AI further shifted from a corporate race to a national priority. Computing power, advanced chips, data governance, and regulation increasingly became part of strategic planning. The promise of productivity gains grew, but so did debates over job displacement, energy demand, misinformation, and AI safety—turning innovation into both an opportunity and a governance challenge.

Finally, climate and disasters were impossible to ignore. Extreme heat, storms, floods, and wildfires carried heavy human and economic costs, pushing many governments to treat adaptation—resilient infrastructure, disaster preparedness, and insurance reform—not as a secondary agenda, but as a necessity alongside emissions reduction.

In sum, 2025’s key words were resilience and division. The global system held together, but under visible strain—and the real question for 2026 is not only who will compete harder, but who can build more reliable rules and safeguards so people can feel stability amid turbulence.